Foundational Papers in Complexity Science pp. 2625–2647
DOI: 10.37911/9781947864559.83
Quarter-Power Allometric Scaling and Life Dynamics
Author: Pablo Marquet, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santa Fe Institute
Excerpt
The concepts of scale, dimension, and geometry have a long and intertwined history at the root of both essential synthesis and revolutions in the history of science. From the “closed world of the ancients to the open world of the moderns” (Koyre 1957), they can be found in Galileo’s geometric analysis of Dante’s inferno (Peterson 2002), the design of ships and other structures, Einsteinian space-time, and Mandelbrot’s fractal geometry (Mandelbrot 1975). A brilliant example in the science of complexity, this paper by Geoffrey West, James Brown, and Brian Enquist (WBE hereafter) falls into the same tradition, using scale, dimension, and geometry to provide a synthetic and holistic theory—in this case, a theory of life dynamics.
Bibliography
Bettencourt, L. M. A., J. Lobo, D. Helbing, C. Kühnert, and G. B. West. 2007. “Growth, Innovation, Scaling, and the Pace of Life in Cities.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (17): 7301–6. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610172104.
Brown, J. H., W. R. Burnside, A. D. Davidson, J. P. DeLong, W. C. Dunn, M. J. Hamilton, N. Mercado-Silva, et al. 2011. “Energetic Limits to Economic Growth.” BioScience 61 (1): 19–26. https://doi.org/10. 1525/bio.2011.61.1.7.
Brown, J. H., J. F. Gillooly, A. P. Allen, V. M. Savage, and G. B. West. 2004. “Toward a Metabolic Theory of Ecology.” Ecology 85 (7): 1771–89. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-9000.
Brummer, Alexander B., and Van M. Savage. 2021. “Cancer as a Model System for Testing Metabolic Scaling Theory.” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo. 2021.691830.
Burger, J. R., V. P. Weinberger, and P. A. Marquet. 2017. “Extra-Metabolic Energy Use and the Rise in Human Hyper-Density.” Scientific Reports 7 (March): 43869. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43869.
Calder, W. A. 1984. Size, Function, and Life History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kleiber, M. 1932. “Body Size and Metabolism.” Hilgardia. A Journal of Agricultural Science 6 (11): 315–353. https://doi.org/10.3733/hilg.v06n11p315.
— . 1947. “Body Size and Metabolic Rate.” Physiological Reviews 27 (4): 511–541. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1947.27.4.511.
Koyre, A. 1957. From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins Press. Mandelbrot, B. B. 1975. Les Objets Fractals: Forme, Hasard et Dimension. Vol. 17. Paris: Flammarion.
Marquet, P. A., A. P. Allen, J. H. Brown, J. A. Dunne, B. J. Enquist, J. F. Gillooly, P. A. Gowaty, et al. 2014. “On Theory in Ecology.” BioScience 64 (8): 701–710. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biu098.
McMahon, T. 1973. “Size and Shape in Biology.” Science 179 (4079): 1201–4. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.179.4079.1201.
Murray, C. D. 1926. “The Physiological Principle of Minimum Work: I. The Vascular System and the Cost of Blood Volume.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 12 (3): 207–14. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.12.3.207.
Niklas, K. J. 1994. Plant Allometry: The Scaling of Form and Process. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Peters, R. H. 1983. The Ecological Implications of Body Size. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Peterson, M. A. 2002. “Galileo's Discovery of Scaling Laws.” American Journal of Physics 70 (6): 575–580. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1475329.
Savage, V. M., and G. B. West. 2007. “A Quantitative, Theoretical Framework for Understanding Mammalian Sleep.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (3): 1051–1056. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610080104.
Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1984. Scaling. Why Is Animal Size so Important? Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Sibly, R. M., J. H. Brown, and A. Kodric-Brown. 2012. Metabolic Ecology. A Scaling Approach. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Thompson, D. W. 1942. On Growth and Form. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Wang, Z., Z. Ying, A. Bosy-Westphal, J. Zhang, B. Schautz, W. Later, S. B. Heymsfield, and M. J. Müller. 2010. “Specific Metabolic Rates of Major Organs and Tissues across Adulthood: Evaluation by Mechanistic Model of Resting Energy Expenditure.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92 (6): 1369–77. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29885.
West, G. 2017. Scale: The Universal Laws of Life, Growth, and Death in Organisms, Cities, and Companies. New York, NY: Penguin.
West, G. B., and J. H. Brown. 2005. “The Origin of Allometric Scaling Laws in Biology from Genomes to Ecosystems: Towards a Quantitative Unifying Theory of Biological Structure and Organization.” Journal of Experimental Biology 208 (9): 1575–92. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01589.
West, G. B., J. H. Brown, and B. J. Enquist. 1999. “The Fourth Dimension of Life: Fractal Geometry and Allometric Scaling of Organisms.” Science 284 (5420): 1677–1679. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5420.1677.
— . 2000. Scaling in Biology: Patterns and Processes, Causes and Consequences. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.